The six trade at 0.58 to 0.86 times book and 4.8 to 9.5 times earnings. Kajima, Taisei, Obayashi and Shimizu, which do the same public civil works, trade at 1.9 to 2.8 times book and about 15 times earnings. Five-year revenue growth is similar: 5 to 7% a year for the six, 7 to 10% for the big four.
The gap follows company size. Splitting Japan's 145 listed construction companies into five groups by market cap, the median P/B steps up at around ¥60 billion.
| Market cap | Median P/B | Below 1x book |
| ¥0.6–9.2bn | 0.88x | 15 of 29 |
| ¥9.3–25.7bn | 0.72x | 19 of 29 |
| ¥27.5–63.9bn | 0.91x | 18 of 29 |
| ¥64.3–225.7bn | 1.33x | 4 of 29 |
| ¥225.8bn+ | 1.90x | 1 of 29 |
Of the 87 companies worth ¥64 billion or less, 52 trade below book; of the 58 larger ones, only 5 do. Well-known, heavily traded companies get bought and rated higher. Regional builders and engineering consultants draw little attention even doing the same government work, and stay cheap. All six here are worth less than ¥30 billion.
Still, a company whose profit swings widely deserves a low price. Engineering consultants swing less. E-J Holdings earned ¥4.3 to ¥4.7 billion in operating income over the last five years, and CTI Engineering ¥7.0 to ¥10.0 billion. Big general contractors fix prices when they win a job, so rising material and labor costs eat into profit; Shimizu posted an operating loss for the year ended March 2024.
The resilience budget is set for five years. What we looked for are companies built on that work and left cheap because few are watching.